If the Table Amount of child support is being claimed, the paying parent has an obligation to provide his or her Income Tax Returns and Notices of Assessment for the three most recent taxation years. The complete Income Tax Return, including all slips and attachments, must be provided.

If the paying parent has control of a company, he or she will have to provide the financial statements and corporate income tax returns for the company for the three most recent years.

The recipient parent must provide the same financial disclosure if a claim for contribution toward special or extraordinary expenses is being made, if there’s a split or shared custodial arrangement, or where undue hardship is being claimed. In the latter instance, the income tax information for all members of each parents’ households must be provided, including employed children. This means that if you are living with a new partner, he or she will also have to produce his or her Income Tax Returns and Notices of Assessment for the three most recent taxation years.

In order to ensure that the amount of the child support payments is in keeping with the paying parent’s income, the Guidelines require ongoing financial disclosure. Recent cases make this a positive obligation. Do not wait to be asked. We are talking about your kids here. Be proactive. Be transparent.

If your income changes, provide proof of said changes. In any event, provide your income tax return annually and adjust the child support payments accordingly. If your income decreases, there should be an adjustment of the amount of child support you have to pay. Hopefully, once you have made full disclosure of your new income, you and your spouse will be able to agree on how the amount of child support should be adjusted, if at all.

~End Of Lecture 2~

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

The Guidelines set out circumstances that might give rise to undue hardship. These include:

(a)              High debts incurred to support the family during the marriage or common law relationship;

(b)              The high costs of exercising access to the child;

(c)               An order or contractual legal duty to support another person; or

(d)              A legal duty to support another person who is unable to care for himself or herself.

Satisfying one of the circumstances does not automatically entitle the parent claiming hardship to a reduction in his or her child support obligation. The next obstacle is to meet the threshold test. This test requires the claiming parent to prove that his or her household has a lower standard of living than the household of the other parent. In order to complete the comparison, the incomes of all members of each household, including the children, must be taken into consideration.

In drafting Separation Agreements or consent orders, parents can agree on an amount of child support payable or special provisions that are different than the amount that would be awarded under the Guidelines. However, the amount of child support or special provisions must be reasonable and clearly substantial for the financial benefit of the child, and the application of the Guidelines must otherwise result in an inequitable award given the special provisions. In both the consent order and the separation agreement, the parents must explain why the amount of support or financial arrangements benefits the child and why they are reasonable in the circumstances.

Be careful here. You might think that as parents you could decide how to handle this issue. After all, who better than the parents to decide how much child support is needed for their children? I will tell you who. The judge. Once again, when you choose to delegate your childcare decisions to the court or even apply to the court for a simple divorce, the uncertainties of judicial decisions can intervene “in the best interests of the children,” to require you to reverse your agreement and impose the amount of child support stipulated by the Guidelines. You finally find some common ground and the Court jumps in to question your consensus. Nice. Believe me, “big brother” is watching. So, make sure the amount of child support is reasonable and if less than the Guideline amount, make sure you can explain how the parent entitled to receive child support has received a financial benefit that otherwise compensates for the difference between the amount of child support agreed upon and the amount called for by the Guidelines.

A court may make an order for support, interim or final, for any period before the date of the order. Recent case law suggests that a court may order child support retroactive to the date when “effective notice” was given to the paying parent that the recipient parent was seeking child support from him or her. “Effective Notice” is something judge’s and case law have come up with. As soon as a parent notifies the other that child support is needed, preferably in writing, this will likely be “effective notice.” Usually, the court will go back a period of no more than 3 years from the date of the Application or the date of the “effective notice.”

In determining whether to order retroactive child support, a court will consider the following factors:

(a)              Whether the past or present circumstances of the children suggest a need for retroactive support;

(b)              Whether there has been any blameworthy conduct on the part of the paying parent;

(c)               Whether the paying parent has an obligation to provide financial support to a second family;

(d)              Whether an award of retroactive support would cause the paying parent financial hardship;

(e)              Any delay on the part of the recipient in seeking support, including seeking an increased amount of child support;

(f)                 The financial circumstances of the recipient parent, including whether he or she received an equalization payment;

If there was a lack of payment or inadequate payments of child support by the non-custodial parent since the parties separated, courts are more likely to order retroactive support to reimburse the custodial parent for financial obligations incurred that were disproportionate to his or her obligations in law. So, if you haven’t been paying at all or enough, look out. Monthly child support can add up pretty quickly. Kids are expensive. They need to eat. Pay monthly from the date you separate and there should not be a problem. Do not pay and be prepared to face the justified wrath of the court.

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

(a)              Child care expenses: These have to be incurred as a result of the custodial parent’s employment, illness, disability, education, or training for employment. You cannot, for example, request your spouse to contribute to the cost of childcare when you go out for drinks with your friends;

(b)              Private health insurance premiums: The portion of medical and dental premiums attributable to the child;

(c)               Health related expenses: Those health related expenses that exceed insurance reimbursement by at least $100.00 annually;

(d)              Extraordinary primary or secondary school education: These might include private or religious school tuition fees and private tutoring if such expenses are in the best interests of the child and is reasonable having regard to the means of the parties, the child, and the family’s spending pattern prior to separation;

(e)              Post-secondary education: There is no need to prove that the expenses are special or extraordinary. Concerns typically center around the child’s ability to contribute to his or her post-secondary education expenses by obtaining part-time jobs, scholarships, or student loans. In addition, there are issues about double payments, particularly where a child is in residence and attending university or college away from home. For example, you live in Toronto and your daughter is living in Chown Hall at Queen’s University. As the Table Amount of support already includes food and shelter costs, it would seem unfair to require your spouse to contribute both toward your daughter’s residence fees and also pay child support in full;

(f)                 Extraordinary expenses for extracurricular activities: This type of expense has generated much controversy and has resulted in many inconsistent court decisions. The problem is that the Guidelines Table Amount is calculated based on the average amount necessary to raise a child in certain income brackets. The expense often includes the cost of some extracurricular activities that are common to many Canadian children. The Guidelines do not clarify what extracurricular activities would be considered ordinary. Some courts use a subjective test and consider the expense claimed in the context of the financial resources of that particular family. Other courts determine whether an expense is unusually high for the type of activity, without regard to the financial resources of the family.

In determining whether an Order seeking a contribution from the paying spouse to the children’s special and extraordinary expenses should be made, the court will take into consideration the necessity of the expense in relation to the child’s best interest and the reasonableness of the expenses in relation to the means of the parents and the child, as well as to the family’s spending pattern prior to separation.

For example, your son plays rep-level hockey at a cost of $5,000.00 per year. If you and your spouse have combined incomes of $150,000.00 per year and your son had been playing rep hockey before you separated, this expense may be reasonable and therefore may not be considered by a court to be an extraordinary expense. In comparison, the cost would be excessive for parents who have combined incomes of only $50,000.00 per year and therefore could be viewed by the court as being unreasonable.

Once a court determines that an expense falls under the category of being a special or extraordinary expense, the court must determine what amount of the expense the parents will share. The court has to take into consideration any subsidies, benefits or income tax credits, or deductions relating to the expense. The court will also take into consideration any contribution made by the child.

The balance of the expense is then required to be paid by the parents in proportion to their respective incomes. The starting point is to look at the Total Income of both parents in their most recent Income Tax Returns. In determining the paying parent’s income, spousal support paid, but not child support is deducted from his or her income. In determining the recipient parent’s income, spousal support received but not child support received, is included in his or her income.

For example, your husband is required to pay you $2,000.00 per month in spousal support based on his yearly income of $75,000.00 per year. This equates to $24,000.00 in spousal support. Your only income is the $24,000.00 in spousal support you receive. Your husband’s income for determining his proportionate share would be $51,000.00 and yours would be $24,000.00. This would mean that your husband would have to pay 68% of your children’s special and extraordinary expenses.

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

The court also has the discretion to impute income where a parent has unreasonably deducted business expenses in order to reduce his or her taxable income or when his or her lifestyle suggests that he or she is making more money than what he or she is reporting. Where a parent is a shareholder, director, or officer of a corporation and his or her annual income shown in his or her Income Tax Return does not fairly reflect the money that is available to him or her through his or her position, a court may set an amount of income commensurate with the services the parent provides to the corporation, taking into account the parent’s pre-tax corporate income. This is provided the amount set by the court does not exceed the corporation’s pre-tax income.

Fighting in court over what your respective incomes are is an expensive form of self-torture. You will need to involve your accountant and they can be even more expensive then lawyers (if that’s possible!) and then you and your accountant will have to convince the judge that your numbers are more credible than what your spouse is saying they are. Still, there is the concept of imputation of income which judge’s simply love. That is where they pull the number out of thin air based upon their best guess at what they think you could earn. So, once again, if you enjoy blowing tens of thousands of dollars having a stranger (the judge) make a best guess about how you should discharge your post-separation family obligations then, by all means, have a blast. Otherwise, be totally upfront about your income. Provide every stick of documentation that supports your numbers. If you still cannot resolve support issues after that, then go to court. It is last resort, and that is how it should be used.

If the paying parent’s income exceeds $150,000.00 the court has the discretion to order an amount of child support, which differs from the Table Amount if the Table Amount would be inappropriate. The court may increase or decrease the Table Amount of support. Courts will order the paying parent to pay the Table Amount of support for the first $150,000.00 of that parent’s income and then add an additional amount of support which is a percentage of his or her income over $150,000.00. For example, your husband makes $350,000.00 per year and you have two children. The Table Amount of child support payable for the first $150,000.00 of his income is $1,992.00. The Table Amount of child support payable for the further $200,000.00 of his income is calculated by multiplying the further amount by 1.16%, which equals $2,320.00. This amount is then added to $1,992.00 to get the total Table Amount of child support payable by your husband of $4,312.00 per month.

Before awarding the combined amount of support, the court will consider the condition, means, and other circumstances of the children and the financial ability of each spouse to contribute to the support of the children. The paying parent’s income must be significantly higher than $150,000.00 per year before a court will depart from the Table Amount of child support.

Unlike spousal support, child support is not taxable and the recipient parent does not have to report the receipt of child support as income in his or her Income Tax Return. That is, if your receive $1,050.00 per month in child support from your husband or wife, you do not have to report this income in your personal Income Tax Return.

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

In addition, both parents are expected to contribute to their children’s special and extraordinary expenses, such as childcare, orthodontic work, tutoring and private school tuition, and extraordinary expenses for extracurricular activities such as rep-level hockey fees and summer camp. These expenses are paid in proportion to the parents’ respective incomes.

There are Federal Guidelines that are applicable to married spouses across the country. Also, a number of the Provinces have their own Guidelines. The Guidelines for Ontario are the same as the Federal Guidelines, with very minor amendments.

Each province and territory has its own table for determining the quantum of child support to be paid. The Table Amounts vary from province/territory to province/territory and are dependent on the cost of living. The quantum is based on the average expenses to raise a set number of children by a family at a certain level of income, in each province. The Table Amount of child support is determined based on the income of the parent paying child support and the number of children. In determining the Table Amount, the income of the parent with whom the children primarily reside is not taken into account unless there is a shared or split custody arrangement. The Table also provides for a monthly amount of child support that is to be paid by the paying parent to the recipient parent each month.

Custodial Arrangements

Under the Child Support Guidelines, where an access parent has the children with him or her for not less than 40% of the time over the course of a full year, the custodial arrangement is considered to be shared custody. In determining whether a child resides with each parent more than 40% of the time, the courts take a “broad approach.” This means that it is hard to predict what a court will decide (true of most issues you leave to a judge to decide – another good reason to avoid the Family Court, if you can).

A split custody arrangement is one in which one or more of the children primarily live with one parent and one or more of the children primarily live with the other parent. Usually in these circumstances, the amount of child support is the difference between the amounts that each spouse would otherwise pay if child support were sought against each other. The process is to take one parent at a time and determine the amount of child support that would be payable to the other parent in accordance with the Guidelines as though that parent had sole custody. The amounts payable are then set off against each parent, resulting in the parent with the higher dollar obligation having to pay the other parent the difference.

While under both federal and provincial legislation the obligation to pay child support extends to a person who has stood in the position of a parent to the child, the amount of support the person has to pay under the Child Support Guidelines is not necessarily the Table Amount. Under the Guidelines the amount of support that the person has to pay is the amount of support that the court considers appropriate, having regard to the Guidelines and any other parent’s legal duty to support the child. The roles each of the biological and step-parent played in the child’s life, their financial circumstances, and the needs of the child are all taken into account. In cases where the relationship between the child and the step-parent has existed for a lengthy period of time, the courts will often simply order the Table Amount of support, sometimes even if the biological parent is also paying support. While this may defy your logic, be prepared to have your logic defied and defiled as you wind your way through the Family Court. “All is not as it appears to be, Alice.”

Where a child is at the age of majority or over, the amount of child support is either the amount determined under the Guidelines or, if the court considers that approach inappropriate, the amount that the court considers appropriate having regard to the conditions, means, needs, and other circumstances of the child and the financial ability of each parent to contribute to the support of the child. Unfortunately, the courts have not established a clear set of rules for determining whether the presumptive amount of support would be “inappropriate.” However, a review of the case law suggests that the Table Amount of support will be inappropriate if an adult child has sufficient financial resources of his or her own to significantly contribute to his or her needs. Also, the Table Amount is often considered inappropriate in cases where the adult child is attending university or college away from home and if the paying parent is also paying for the child’s education and living expenses at his or her out-of-town residence.

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

The Divorce Act applies to parents who are legally married and in the process of getting a divorce or are already divorced. The Act applies to a biological parent, an adoptive parent, and to a step-parent if the step-parent assumed the role of a parent to the child. The Divorce Act also provides that a court on application by either spouse may bring an application requiring a spouse to pay child support for any or all of the “children of the marriage.”

A “child of the marriage” means a child of two spouses or former spouses who is under the age of majority (18 in Ontario) and who has not withdrawn from the charge of their parents or who is at the age of majority or over but is unable by reason of illness, disability, or other cause to withdraw from the charge of his or her parents or to obtain the necessaries of life. But, what does it mean to withdraw from the charge of a parent? If your child is under the age of 18 and still living at home, then he or she has not withdrawn from your charge. On the other hand, if your rebellious 16-year-old daughter moved out of your home and is now living in a bachelor apartment with her 21-year-old rocker boyfriend, she has withdrawn from your charge.

It is generally understood that a child who is pursuing post-secondary education is unable to withdraw from parental charge and therefore child support should be paid for them. The case law suggests that depending on the paying parent’s ability to pay, child support is payable at least until the child has obtained his or her first undergraduate degree or diploma. In recent cases, courts have been extending the obligation to pay child support to a post-graduate degree and for up to a year after a child has graduated from university or college. The continued support gives the child an opportunity to become completely financially independent from their parents.

The Family Law Act applies to married spouses who do not intend to obtain a divorce, to common law spouses, and to parents that are neither married nor living together. Under the Family Law Act, either parent or the child can bring a claim for child support.

Child support is payable to a child who is under the age of 18 or over the age of 18 but is attending a full-time program of education. Child support is not payable to a child who is between the age of 16 and 18 who has withdrawn from parental control. The withdrawal has to be voluntary on the part of the child. Kicking your 16-year-old daughter out because you do not approve of her 21-year-old pot-smoking boyfriend does not count as a voluntary withdrawal. You are still required to financially support your daughter.

Child support is payable by a biological or adoptive parent. It is even payable by a person who has demonstrated a settled intention to treat a child as a child of his or her family. So, if you move in with someone that has a child from a prior relationship, beware. Over time, if you behave as one big happy family, if the relationship goes south, you may be on the hook for child support, even if you are not the child’s biological or adoptive parent.

A parent who does not have access to his or her children by the unilateral decision of either parent or on the agreement of both parents is still required to pay child support. And no, you do not get to decide how the money is spent just because you are the payor. The recipient parent gets to use the money as he or she sees fit (hopefully for the benefit of the children).

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

Courts and lawyers are promoting the use of comprehensive parenting plans that set out arrangements for the parenting of children. For those amongst our esteemed student body that ca not even work together to parent their children, a parenting plan is an excellent last resort short of putting your children up for adoption (which may ultimately serve their best interests better than a parenting plan for warring parents). Frequently, social workers as “parenting plan coordinators” are retained to help parents prepare and implement these plans.

There are certain key elements that should be contained in a parenting plan. These include:

• Where the child will be living and when;
  • Who will be responsible for the day-to-day decisions involving the children; and
  • Who will be responsible for major decisions concerning the children’s welfare, including their education, health, and extracurricular activities?

If you and your spouse aren’t able to prepare a parenting plan together, you should prepare one yourself to clarify your position on the issue of custody and access.

Whether you and your spouse are able to agree on the custody and access arrangements for your children or whether you have to commence a court application, the underlying principle that should be guiding you is the “best interests” of your children. Keep in mind that what you believe is in the best interests of your children will not always be what a judge believes is in their best interests. So, before you delegate the decision to decide what is best for your children to a total stranger (the judge), think carefully about working things out with your ex, at least where custody and access are concerned.

A child’s wishes and preferences are one of many relevant factors that a court will take into account when determining a child’s best interests. However, their wishes are not the only consideration or necessary determinative of custody and access. In determining the weight to be given to a child’s wishes and preferences, a judge will consider the age and maturity of the child and whether the child has been improperly influenced in reaching his or her conclusion. A judge will give more weight to the expressed wishes of a child who is 16 years old than a 10 year old, for example.

Courts are becoming more aware of the occurrence of parental alienation after parents have separated. There are many ways in which one parent could be actively alienating the children from the other parent. They could be telling the children that the other parent is to blame for the relationship breakdown and expressing their anger and negative feelings towards the other parent to the children, resulting in the children also blaming the other parent for the marriage breakdown. Other examples include purposely cancelling the other parent’s time with the children and restricting the amount of contact between the children and the other parent.

The effects of parental alienation are serious and not in the children’s best interests. In some cases, when the judge determined there had clearly been parental alienation, the judge actually took custody away from the alienating parent and instead ordered that the alienating parent have restricted and supervised access to the children. In cases involving parental alienation you should be aware of the possibility that the child’s stated wishes may have been unduly influenced by one of the parents and therefore may not have been arrived at independently.

Here’s the bottom line: do not engage in this parental alienation. It kills your kids’ spirits while making one parent out to be “the bad guy.” Alienators need to know that there will be consequences. This is an area for law reform and judicial pro-action. But do not hold your breath for it. There is nothing slower than law reform and nothing less likely than judicial pro-action.

~End Of Lecture 1~

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

Some may learn from the experience. Some may not. Whatever happens, the decision of who is to have custody of the children and what the access arrangements will be are two of the most important and difficult issues to resolve following a relationship breakdown. Both parents presumably love their children a great deal and want to spend as much time with their children as possible. Some of you may not. For you, this could be the opportunity of a lifetime to offload your god-given responsibilities to your children on your spouse. The goal is always to achieve a custody and access arrangement which is in the best interests of the children and which is mutually agreeable and satisfactory for both parents.

Sole custody means that one parent has the authority to make all of the decisions with respect to the children, including important decisions affecting their welfare. When a parent has sole custody, the children also typically reside primarily with that parent.

Many people have heard of the term “joint custody” but do not realize that it does not mean an equal sharing of time with the children. What it actually means is that both parents will have equal decision-making authority with respect to major decisions affecting the children. Joint custody arrangements require a considerable amount of flexibility and cooperation on the part of parents. You and your ex are going to have to communicate. If you cannot come to a mutual understanding or there has been a history of conflict or abuse, forget about joint custody. Children benefit from having two parents that act together to further their best interests. When joint custody works, your children are the beneficiaries. They may even learn how to talk and listen to others as a result of modeling your behaviour. Think about this option carefully. Before either of you dismiss it as an impossibility try consulting a social worker or child psychologist to see if the two of you can make it work. Either way, your custody arrangement should be appropriate in regards to your and your spouse’s relationship with each other and with your children.

If children live with each parent at least 40% of the time, this is called a shared custody arrangement. A typical shared custody arrangement would be the children living with each parent on a week-on-week-off basis. What you need to be aware of is that a shared custody situation can affect the amount of child support you would receive from your spouse or the amount you have to pay your spouse. This is because the court has the power to award an amount of child support that is less than the ‘Table Amount’ of child support. I will talk about what this is in another lecture. For now, make a mental note that 40% of time could equal less child support.

A split custody arrangement involves one child living with one parent and the other living with the other parent. Child support could still be payable in a split custody arrangement. It depends on the difference in your and your spouse’s respective incomes. I will also elaborate more about this later.

The words “custody” and “access” often invoke conflict between parents (as if the two of you need more conflict!). The recent trend has been to avoid using this terminology and instead using wording such as “primary residence,” “reside,” and “decision-making authority” which promotes a focus on the best interests of the children and helps to maintain meaningful family relationships (whatever works for you).

Semantics aside, in the past, certain biases often guided judges when determining custody and access orders. These include:

• Children should be with their mothers;
• Girls should live with their mothers and boys should live with their fathers; and
• Access should be every second weekend.

Beware of judges’ biases. They are ordinary people like you and me, but they may need to be reminded to set aside these antiquated biases. What is best for your children should be the foremost concern. This must be determined with blind adherence to particular circumstances. Bear in mind, justice is often blind.

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

‘Separating From Your Spouse 101’, is NBU’s award-winning (in our minds anyway) introduction to everything the “newbie” and experienced spouse must know to get a handle on their legal rights and obligations upon separation. This course is designed to provide you with basic information about family law. We have used the practice of family law in Ontario as the lens through which to help clients examine the process of separating from and divorcing their spouse. Some of the laws may be a little different in your province or territory, so you may want to consult a local family law lawyer to apply the law specifically to your situation.

This course will give you a solid framework of information and ideas to think about. The editorial comments and opinions expressed are solely the author’s. They are not gospel. Rather they are intended to make you think. Combined with the information presented in the course, we at NBU hope to help you better understand the sorry situation in which you now find yourself. Listen carefully. We are not providing legal advice specific to your individual case. For that, we encourage you to become a Premium Plus Member of MyOntarioDivorce.com or consult an experienced family law lawyer in your area. Anyhow, with introductions and disclaimers out of the way, come back next week for lecture one.

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer

At the heart of economic prosperity what we all crave is the focus and purposeful work ethic that successful business owners prescribe every day. The way out of a recession rests on the shoulders of financially whole business owners. That is why I consider it my professional duty to fuel the entrepreneurial engine that focuses on economic prosperity by protecting the wealth of our business owners and executives. To reiterate, the way out of a recession rests on the shoulders of the heroic business owners and executives who, with their vision and work ethic, will lead us to the abundance that is and always will be there for the taking. That is why I consider it my professional duty to enable the corporate engine that powers us all to prosperity and abundance by protecting the wealth of our business owners and executives from the grasping greed of former spouses and their lawyers to the full extent of the law.

If you are a business owner or executive thinking about marriage or divorce you should strongly consider using this customized wealth protection action plan that will analyze your unique circumstances and apply winning strategies to protect your hard-earned assets. It is for the astute business owner or executive who understands the priceless value of protecting their life’s work from the methodical deconstruction promised by “attack dog” lawyers and often delivered by the Divorce Court. Strategic advice could make the difference between financial ruin and keeping what you worked so hard to accumulate. Help yourself safeguard your financial and, in turn, personal well being today.

For more information on divorce and other family law matters, please visit MyOntarioDivorce.com or BermanBarristers.com.

Sincerely,

Robert Berman B.C.L, LL.B
Founder & Family Law Lawyer